Cardiomyopathy in children with mitochondrial disease - Clinical course and cardiological findings

Aims To determine the frequency of cardiomyopathy in children with mitochondrial. disease and describe their clinical course, prognosis and cardiological manifestations. Methods and results Of 301 children with CNS and neuromuscular disease referred to our institution in 1984 to 1999, 101 had mitochondrial disease. Seventeen patients had cardiomyopathy, diagnosed by echo-Doppler investigations, all of the hypertrophic, non-obstructive type. The onset of symptomatic mitochondrial disease ranged from birth to 10 years of age. Eight children had cytochrome-c oxidase deficiency, white the remaining nine had various defects. Cardiomyopathy was diagnosed from birth to 27 years. Left ventricular posterior watt and septal. thickness were both increased: z-scores +4.6 +/- 2.6 and +4.3 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SD), respectively. The left ventricular diastolic diameter z-score, +1.3 +/- 3.4, and fractional shortening, 24 +/- 13%, displayed marked variations. Nine patients developed heart failure. Eleven patients with cardiomyopathy died, including all eight with cytochrome-c oxidase deficiency, and one patient underwent a heart transplantation. Mortality in children with mitochondrial disease was higher in those with cardiomyopathy (71%) than those without (26%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions In children with mitochondrial disease, cardiomyopathy was common (17%) and was associated with increased mortality. The prognosis for children with cytochrome-c oxidase deficiency and cardiomyopathy appeared to be particularly unfavorable. (C) 2003 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.