5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptors regulate sympathetic nerves constricting the cutaneous vascular bed in rabbits and rats

Hyperthermia induced by 3,4-methyl-enedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is partially due to sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction that impairs normal heat dissipation. MDMA acts by releasing monoamines, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but receptor mechanisms underlying MDMA-elicited hyperthermia and cutaneous vasoconstriction are not known. The specific 5-HT2A agonist (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) is a potent hallucinogen that also causes marked hyperthermia, suggesting the possibility that DOI, via stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors, might also cause sympathetically mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction. We tested this hypothesis in conscious unrestrained rabbits and rats. Blood flow was assessed by chronically implanted Doppler ultrasonic flow probes. Body temperature was measured by i.p. telemetric probes. We compared effects of DOI on cutaneous blood flow (ear pinna in rabbits, tail in rats) with effects on mesenteric blood flow and arterial pressure. Hyperthermia induced by DOI (5-100 mug/kg i.v. in rabbits and 100 mug/kg s.c. in rats) was preceded and accompanied by markedly reduced blood flow to the cutaneous bed, with no change in flow to the mesenteric bed. In rabbits, DOI (5 mug/kg i.v.) did not affect arterial pressure or heart rate. DOI (100 mug/kg i.v.) caused a moderate rise in arterial pressure. In rabbits, the 5-HT2A receptor antagonists ketanserin (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) and AC90179 (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) reversed the ear pinna vasoconstriction induced by DOI (5 mug/kg i.v.). In rats, ketanserin (3 mg/kg s.c.) reversed tail vasoconstriction and hyperthermia induced by DOI (100 mug/kg s.c.). In rabbits, the cutaneous vasoconstricting effect of DOI (5 mug/kg i.v.) was substantially abolished in the ipsilateral ear pinna after interruption of preganglionic sympathetic nerve activity by unilateral section of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Thus hyperthermia evoked by direct stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors is associated with marked sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction, selective for the cutaneous bed. Impairment of the ability to dissipate heat following drug-induced stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors is likely to contribute to hyperthermia induced by MDMA and by hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD. (C) 2003 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.