The rates of deceleration of nuclear and organellar DNA syntheses differ in the progenitor cells of the apical meristems during carrot somatic embryogenesis

The synthesis of DNA in nuclei and organellar nucleoids at the various stages of somatic embryogenesis in carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Kurodagosun) was analyzed using anti-5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunofluorescence microscopy. The active syntheses of both nuclear and organellar DNA started in the cells forming the embryo groper 3 d after the initiation of embryogenesis, but not in cells forming suspensor-like cell aggregates. In the early globular embryo, active DNA syntheses were continuously observed in the whole embryo groper, except for the progenitor cells of the root apical meristem (RAM) and shoot apical meristem (SAM). These were recognized as slowly cycling cells with a non-BrdU-labelled nucleus and strongly BrdU-labelled organellar nucleoids. At the heart- and torpedo-shaped embryo stages, both nuclear and organellar DNA syntheses were inactive in the presumptive RAM and SAM. Thus, slowing down of organellar DNA synthesis is not coupled with, but is later than, that of nuclear DNA synthesis in the progenitor cells of the embryonic RAM and SAM. These findings clearly indicate that the timing of DNA synthesis is similar in the progenitor cells of both the RAM and SAM in the early stages of somatic embryogenesis.