Speciation along environmental gradients

被引:550
作者
Doebeli, M
Dieckmann, U
机构
[1] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
[2] Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
[3] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Adapt Dynam Network, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1038/nature01274
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Traditional discussions of speciation are based on geographical patterns of species ranges(1,2). In allopatric speciation, long-term geographical isolation generates reproductively isolated and spatially segregated descendant species(1,3). In the absence of geographical barriers, diversification is hindered by gene flow(1,3,4). Yet a growing body of phylogenetic and experimental data suggests that closely related species often occur in sympatry or have adjacent ranges in regions over which environmental changes are gradual and do not prevent gene flow(5-14). Theory has identified a variety of evolutionary processes that can result in speciation under sympatric conditions(15-25), with some recent advances concentrating on the phenomenon of evolutionary branching(18,23-25). Here we establish a link between geographical patterns and ecological processes of speciation by studying evolutionary branching in spatially structured populations. We show that along an environmental gradient, evolutionary branching can occur much more easily than in non-spatial models. This facilitation is most pronounced for gradients of intermediate slope. Moreover, spatial evolutionary branching readily generates patterns of spatial segregation and abutment between the emerging species. Our results highlight the importance of local processes of adaptive divergence for geographical patterns of speciation, and caution against pitfalls of inferring past speciation processes from present biogeographical patterns.
引用
收藏
页码:259 / 264
页数:7
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