Bacterial microbiota composition of Ixodes ricinus ticks: the role of environmental variation, tick characteristics and microbial interactions

被引:59
作者
Aivelo, Tuomas [1 ,2 ]
Norberg, Anna [1 ]
Tschirren, Barbara [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Helsinki, Organismal & Evolutionary Biol Res Program, Helsinki, Finland
[2] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Zurich, Switzerland
[3] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn, England
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
Tick-borne pathogens; Species distribution modelling; Community composition; Borrelia burgdorferi; Lyme disease; CANDIDATUS NEOEHRLICHIA-MIKURENSIS; BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; BORRELIA-AFZELII; GUT MICROBIOTA; INFECTION DYNAMICS; BORNE PATHOGENS; HOST; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY;
D O I
10.7717/peerj.8217
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
070301 [无机化学]; 070403 [天体物理学]; 070507 [自然资源与国土空间规划学]; 090105 [作物生产系统与生态工程];
摘要
Ecological factors, host characteristics and/or interactions among microbes may all shape the occurrence of microbes and the structure of microbial communities within organisms. In the past, disentangling these factors and determining their relative importance in shaping within-host microbiota communities has been hampered by analytical limitations to account for (dis)similar environmental preferences ('environmental filtering'). Here we used a joint species distribution modelling (JSDM) approach to characterize the bacterial microbiota of one of the most important disease vectors in Europe, the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus, along ecological gradients in the Swiss Alps. Although our study captured extensive environmental variation along elevational clines, the explanatory power of such large-scale ecological factors was comparably weak, suggesting that tick-specific traits and behaviours, microhabitat and -climate experienced by ticks, and interactions among microbes play an important role in shaping tick microbial communities. Indeed, when accounting for shared environmental preferences, evidence for significant patterns of positive or negative co-occurrence among microbes was found, which is indicative of competition or facilitation processes. Signals of facilitation were observed primarily among human pathogens, leading to co-infection within ticks, whereas signals of competition were observed between the tick endosymbiont Spiroplasma and human pathogens. These findings highlight the important role of small-scale ecological variation and microbe-microbe interactions in shaping tick microbial communities and the dynamics of tickborne disease.
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页数:25
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