Mechanism of the long-term effects of electromagnetic radiation on solutions and suspended colloids

被引:36
作者
Colic, M
Morse, D
机构
[1] ZPM Inc, R&D Div, Goleta, CA 93117 USA
[2] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1021/la970979a
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
The mechanisms of the electromagnetic water treatment have been studied with a multitude of techniques and it has been found that the gas/water interface is essential to perturb water and suspended colloids. Perturbation of the gas/liquid interface results in nonequilibrium conditions which require hours to relax. Certain magnetic and electric fields also produce small amounts of ozone, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, or atomic hydrogen. The addition of hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen did not produce equivalent effects without additional gas/liquid interface perturbations with electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Hydrophobic gases such as argon or carbon dioxide which promote clathrate-like structuring of water appear to be affected more significantly through the action of EMFs.
引用
收藏
页码:783 / 787
页数:5
相关论文
共 34 条
[1]   Magnetic amelioration of scale formation [J].
Baker, JS ;
Judd, SJ .
WATER RESEARCH, 1996, 30 (02) :247-260
[2]   OBSERVATION OF SYNCHRONOUS PICOSECOND SONOLUMINESCENCE [J].
BARBER, BP ;
PUTTERMAN, SJ .
NATURE, 1991, 352 (6333) :318-320
[3]  
Basset C.A., 1995, ELECTROMAGNETIC FIEL
[4]   Effect of salts and dissolved gas on optical cavitation near hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces [J].
Bunkin, NF ;
Kiseleva, OA ;
Lobeyev, AV ;
Movchan, TG ;
Ninham, BW ;
Vinogradova, OI .
LANGMUIR, 1997, 13 (11) :3024-3028
[5]   RESIDUAL VARIATIONS IN THE ZETA-POTENTIAL OF TIO2 (ANATASE) SUSPENSIONS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTRIC-FIELDS [J].
CHIBOWSKI, E ;
GOPALAKRISHNAN, S ;
BUSCH, MA ;
BUSCH, KW .
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE, 1990, 139 (01) :43-54
[6]   CHANGES IN ZETA-POTENTIAL AND SURFACE FREE-ENERGY OF CALCIUM-CARBONATE DUE TO EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTRIC-FIELD [J].
CHIBOWSKI, E ;
HOLYSZ, L ;
WOJCIK, W .
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS, 1994, 92 (1-2) :79-85
[7]   EFFECT OF A RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTRIC-FIELD ON THE ZETA-POTENTIAL OF SOME OXIDES [J].
CHIBOWSKI, E ;
HOLYSZ, L .
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS, 1995, 101 (01) :99-101
[8]  
COLIC M, UNPUB PHYS REV LETT
[9]  
DUSHKIN SS, 1986, MAGNETIC WATER TREAT
[10]   Theory of quantum radiation observed as sonoluminescence [J].
Eberlein, C .
PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 1996, 53 (04) :2772-2787