A theoretical model describing diffusion of a mixture of different types of ions in pore solution of concrete coupled to moisture transport

A theoretical model is established for diffusion of different types of ions in pore solution of concrete and the coupling to moisture flow and moisture content. Mass exchanges between ions in pore solution and solid hydration products in the concrete are also considered. The basic concepts behind the so-called mixture theory are used. The development of a mass balance principle for ions in pore solution is established. This principle accounts for (i) diffusion caused by concentration gradients of ions and gradients of the so-called internal electrical potential, (ii) convection, i.e. the effect on the motion of ions due to a motion of the pore solution in concrete, (iii) the effect on the concentration due to changes in the moisture content, and finally, (iv) the effect of mass exchange of ions between solid hydration products and the bore solution phase. The model is general in the sense that all different types of ions appearing in pore solution phase can-be included and computed for during quite arbitrary boundary conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.