Determinants of ventilatory instability and variability

被引:212
作者
Khoo, MCK [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ So Calif, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
来源
RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY | 2000年 / 122卷 / 2-3期
关键词
apnea; sleep; control of breathing; loop gain; periodic breathing; pattern of breathing; variability; mechanisms;
D O I
10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00157-2
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
This payer reviews the major mechanisms that can give rise to various forms of variability in the ventilatory pattern. First, an elevated controller gain, coupled with the presence of delays and response lags in the chemoreflex loops, can lead to instability in feedback control and give rise to periodic breathing. This form of ventilatory stability can be assessed quantitatively by employing the concept of 'loop gain'. Several different methods of estimating loop gain from steady state or dynamic respiratory measurements are discussed. An inherently stable respiratory control system call also exhibit periodic behavior due to the influence of primary fluctuations in sleep-wake stale and other physiological variables, such as cardiac output and cerebral blood flow. Self-sustained, irregular ventilatory fluctuations may be generated by nonlinear dynamic interactions between various components of the respiratory control system. such as the lung vagal afferents and the respiratory pattern generator, or through the propagation of stochastic disturbances around the chemoreflex loops. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:167 / 182
页数:16
相关论文
共 75 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME
[2]  
[Anonymous], 1898, LIFE MAN HIGH ALPS
[3]   Studies on Cheyne-Stokes respiration [J].
Anthony, AJ ;
Cohn, AE ;
Steele, JM .
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, 1932, 11 (06) :1321-1341
[4]   REGULATION OF RESPIRATION - BLACK BOX [J].
ASMUSSEN, E .
ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, 1977, 99 (01) :85-90
[5]   Detection of nonlinear dynamics in short, noisy time series [J].
Barahona, M ;
Poon, CS .
NATURE, 1996, 381 (6579) :215-217
[6]   SHORT-TERM-MEMORY IN RESPIRATORY CENTERS - STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS [J].
BENCHETRIT, G ;
BERTRAND, F .
RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY, 1975, 23 (02) :147-158
[7]   REGULATION OF RESPIRATION .3. [J].
BERGER, AJ ;
MITCHELL, RA ;
SEVERINGHAUS, JW .
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 1977, 297 (04) :194-201
[8]   MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED PERIODIC BREATHING DURING SLEEP IN HUMANS [J].
BERSSENBRUGGE, A ;
DEMPSEY, J ;
IBER, C ;
SKATRUD, J ;
WILSON, P .
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 1983, 343 (OCT) :507-524
[9]   NEUROLOGIC BASIS OF CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION [J].
BROWN, HW ;
PLUM, F .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 1961, 30 (06) :849-&
[10]  
Bruce E. N, 1995, Regulation of breathing, P285