共 15 条
HapBlock: haplotype block partitioning and tag SNP selection software using a set of dynamic programming algorithms
被引:82
作者:

Zhang, K
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA

Qin, ZH
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA

Chen, T
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA

Liu, JS
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA

Waterman, MS
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA

Sun, FZ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
机构:
[1] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[2] Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
[3] Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[4] Harvard Univ, Dept Stat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
关键词:
D O I:
10.1093/bioinformatics/bth482
中图分类号:
Q5 [生物化学];
学科分类号:
071010 ;
081704 ;
摘要:
Recent studies have revealed that linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns vary across the human genome with some regions of high LD interspersed with regions of low LD. Such LD patterns make it possible to select a set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs; tag SNPs) for genome-wide association studies. We have developed a suite of computer programs to analyze the block-like LD patterns and to select the corresponding tag SNPs. Compared to other programs for haplotype block partitioning and tag SNP selection, our program has several notable features. First, the dynamic programming algorithms implemented are guaranteed to find the block partition with minimum number of tag SNPs for the given criteria of blocks and tag SNPs. Second, both haplotype data and genotype data from unrelated individuals and/or from general pedigrees can be analyzed. Third, several existing measures/criteria for haplotype block partitioning and tag SNP selection have been implemented in the program. Finally, the programs provide flexibility to include specific SNPs (e.g. non-synonymous SNPs) as tag SNPs.
引用
收藏
页码:131 / 134
页数:4
相关论文
共 15 条
[1]
Selecting a maximally informative set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association analyses using linkage disequilibrium
[J].
Carlson, CS
;
Eberle, MA
;
Rieder, MJ
;
Yi, Q
;
Kruglyak, L
;
Nickerson, DA
.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS,
2004, 74 (01)
:106-120

Carlson, CS
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Eberle, MA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Rieder, MJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Yi, Q
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Kruglyak, L
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

Nickerson, DA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[2]
High-resolution haplotype structure in the human genome
[J].
Daly, MJ
;
Rioux, JD
;
Schaffner, SE
;
Hudson, TJ
;
Lander, ES
.
NATURE GENETICS,
2001, 29 (02)
:229-232

Daly, MJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MIT, Whitehead Inst, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Rioux, JD
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MIT, Whitehead Inst, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Schaffner, SE
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MIT, Whitehead Inst, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Hudson, TJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MIT, Whitehead Inst, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Lander, ES
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MIT, Whitehead Inst, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[3]
The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome
[J].
Gabriel, SB
;
Schaffner, SF
;
Nguyen, H
;
Moore, JM
;
Roy, J
;
Blumenstiel, B
;
Higgins, J
;
DeFelice, M
;
Lochner, A
;
Faggart, M
;
Liu-Cordero, SN
;
Rotimi, C
;
Adeyemo, A
;
Cooper, R
;
Ward, R
;
Lander, ES
;
Daly, MJ
;
Altshuler, D
.
SCIENCE,
2002, 296 (5576)
:2225-2229

Gabriel, SB
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Schaffner, SF
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Nguyen, H
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Moore, JM
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Roy, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Blumenstiel, B
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Higgins, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

DeFelice, M
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Lochner, A
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Faggart, M
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Liu-Cordero, SN
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Rotimi, C
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Adeyemo, A
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Cooper, R
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Ward, R
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Lander, ES
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Daly, MJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

Altshuler, D
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[4]
Haplotype tagging for the identification of common disease genes
[J].
Johnson, GCL
;
Esposito, L
;
Barratt, BJ
;
Smith, AN
;
Heward, J
;
Di Genova, G
;
Ueda, H
;
Cordell, HJ
;
Eaves, IA
;
Dudbridge, F
;
Twells, RCJ
;
Payne, F
;
Hughes, W
;
Nutland, S
;
Stevens, H
;
Carr, P
;
Tuomilehto-Wolf, E
;
Tuomilehto, J
;
Gough, SCL
;
Clayton, DG
;
Todd, JA
.
NATURE GENETICS,
2001, 29 (02)
:233-237

Johnson, GCL
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Esposito, L
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Barratt, BJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Smith, AN
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Heward, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Di Genova, G
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Ueda, H
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Cordell, HJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Eaves, IA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Dudbridge, F
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Twells, RCJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Payne, F
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Hughes, W
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Nutland, S
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Stevens, H
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Carr, P
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Tuomilehto-Wolf, E
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Tuomilehto, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Gough, SCL
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Clayton, DG
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England

Todd, JA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, JDRF WT Diabet & Inflammat Lab, Cambridge, England
[5]
Efficient selective screening of haplotype tag SNPs
[J].
Ke, XY
;
Cardon, LR
.
BIOINFORMATICS,
2003, 19 (02)
:287-288

Ke, XY
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England

Cardon, LR
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England
[6]
Entropy as a measure for linkage disequilibrium over multilocus haplotype blocks
[J].
Nothnagel, M
;
Fürst, R
;
Rohde, K
.
HUMAN HEREDITY,
2002, 54 (04)
:186-198

Nothnagel, M
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Dept Bioinformat, D-13092 Berlin, Germany Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Dept Bioinformat, D-13092 Berlin, Germany

Fürst, R
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Dept Bioinformat, D-13092 Berlin, Germany Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Dept Bioinformat, D-13092 Berlin, Germany

Rohde, K
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Dept Bioinformat, D-13092 Berlin, Germany Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Dept Bioinformat, D-13092 Berlin, Germany
[7]
Blocks of limited haplotype diversity revealed by high-resolution scanning of human chromosome 21
[J].
Patil, N
;
Berno, AJ
;
Hinds, DA
;
Barrett, WA
;
Doshi, JM
;
Hacker, CR
;
Kautzer, CR
;
Lee, DH
;
Marjoribanks, C
;
McDonough, DP
;
Nguyen, BTN
;
Norris, MC
;
Sheehan, JB
;
Shen, NP
;
Stern, D
;
Stokowski, RP
;
Thomas, DJ
;
Trulson, MO
;
Vyas, KR
;
Frazer, KA
;
Fodor, SPA
;
Cox, DR
.
SCIENCE,
2001, 294 (5547)
:1719-1723

Patil, N
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Berno, AJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Hinds, DA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Barrett, WA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Doshi, JM
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Hacker, CR
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Kautzer, CR
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Lee, DH
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Marjoribanks, C
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

McDonough, DP
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Nguyen, BTN
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Norris, MC
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Sheehan, JB
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Shen, NP
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Stern, D
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Stokowski, RP
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Thomas, DJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Trulson, MO
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Vyas, KR
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Frazer, KA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Fodor, SPA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

Cox, DR
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
[8]
Partition-ligation-expectation-maximization algorithm for haplotype inference with single-nucleotide polymorphisms
[J].
Qin, ZHS
;
Niu, TH
;
Liu, JS
.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS,
2002, 71 (05)
:1242-1247

Qin, ZHS
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Harvard Univ, Dept Stat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

Niu, TH
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Harvard Univ, Dept Stat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

Liu, JS
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Harvard Univ, Dept Stat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[9]
Choosing haplotype-tagging SNPS based on unphased genotype data using a preliminary sample of unrelated subjects with an example from the multiethnic cohort study
[J].
Stram, DO
;
Haiman, CA
;
Hirschhorn, JN
;
Altshuler, D
;
Kolonel, LN
;
Henderson, BE
;
Pike, MC
.
HUMAN HEREDITY,
2003, 55 (01)
:27-36

Stram, DO
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA

Haiman, CA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA

Hirschhorn, JN
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA

Altshuler, D
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA

Kolonel, LN
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA

Henderson, BE
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA

Pike, MC
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
[10]
Distribution of recombination crossovers and the origin of haplotype blocks: The interplay of population history, recombination, and mutation
[J].
Wang, N
;
Akey, JM
;
Zhang, K
;
Chakraborty, R
;
Jin, L
.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS,
2002, 71 (05)
:1227-1234

Wang, N
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA

Akey, JM
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA

Zhang, K
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA

Chakraborty, R
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA

Jin, L
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA