[1] Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Act Fault Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan
[2] Int Res Ctr Japan Studies, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6101192, Japan
[3] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[4] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Sea Level Res Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[5] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA
[6] Nippon Dent Univ Tokyo, Dept Biol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1028159, Japan
[7] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan