Numerical prediction of temperature distribution in PEM fuel cells

A numerical three-dimensional model is developed that includes the energy equation to predict the temperature distribution inside a straight channel proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell and the effect of heat produced by the electrochemical reactions on fuel cell performance. A control volume approach is used and source terms for transport equations, heat generation, and a phase change model are presented to facilitate their incorporation in commercial flow solvers. Predictions show that the fuel cell performance depends not merely on the inlet humidity condition, cell voltage, and membrane thickness but also on the temperature rise inside fuel cells.