Air pollution and allergic diseases

Purpose of reviewExposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) has been implicated in asthma development, persistence, and exacerbation. This exposure is highly significant because increasingly large segments of the population worldwide reside in zones that have high levels of TRAP, including children, as schools are often located in high traffic pollution exposure areas.Recent findingsRecent findings include epidemiologic and mechanistic studies that shed new light on the impact of traffic pollution on allergic diseases and the biology underlying this impact. In addition, new innovative methods to assess and quantify traffic pollution have been developed to assess exposure and identify vulnerable populations and individuals.SummaryThis review will summarize the most recent findings in each of these areas. These findings will have a substantial impact on clinical practice and research by the development of novel methods to quantify exposure and identify at-risk individuals, as well as mechanistic studies that identify new targets for intervention for individuals most adversely affected by TRAP exposure.