Universities, innovation, and territorial development: a review of the evidence

In many countries, universities are emerging as the focal point for the formulation and delivery of policies on innovation, cluster development, human capital formation and development, entrepreneurship, and governance. The author provides a critique of arguments as to why universities have come to be seen as crucial stakeholders in the innovation process, and, in particular, should be territorial actors. It is argued that ascribing a central role in contemporary innovation systems to universities needs to be done with caution, and cannot be understood in isolation from political pressure.