Effects of column length, particle size, gradient length and flow rate on peak capacity of nano-scale liquid chromatography for peptide separations

The effects of the column length, the particle size, the gradient length and the flow rate of a nanoLC system on peptide peak capacity were investigated and compared. Columns packed with 1.7 mu m and 3 mu m C-18 materials into pieces of 75 mu m capillary tubing of various lengths were tested with different gradient lengths and flow rates. While increasing the length of a column packed with the 1.7 mu m material helped improve peptide peak capacity at the whole range of the tested gradient lengths (24-432 min), little improvement in peak capacity was observed with the increase of the length of a column packed with the 3 mu m material unless a gradient longer than 50 min was carried out. Up to 30% of peak capacity increase was observed when a column's length is doubled, with little reduction in the throughput. In most cases, more than 50% of the increase in peak capacity was obtained with the reduction in the particle size from 3 l km to 1.7 p,m. With the same backpressure generated, a shorter 1.7-mu m-particle column outperformed a longer column packed with the 3 mu m material. In a flow rate range of 100-700 nl/min, increasing the flow rate improved peak capacity for columns packed with 1.7 mu m and 3 mu m materials. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.