Germination triggers of zoospore cysts of Aphanomyces euteiches and Phytophthora parasitica

Zoospore cysts of four isolates of Aphanomyces euteiches with different host-specific pathogenicity germinated in response to peptone, pea root extract, CaCl2 or gum arabic but, in tests on one isolate, did not respond to several individual sugars, amino acids or polysaccharides. A. euteiches showed differential responses to substances applied at different times in the encystment process. Gum arabic triggered germination only when added to motile zoospores, which it caused to encyst. CaCl2 triggered germination when added to motile zoospores or during vortex-encystment of zoospores, but seldom immediately (< 2 min) after encystment. Peptone and pea root extract triggered germination when added to motile zoospores, during vortex-encystment or immediately after encystment, but not ca 20 min after encystment. In comparative tests, Phytophthora parasitica was less stage-specific than A. euteiches, because it germinated in response to gum arabic applied to motile zoospores, during encystment and immediately after encystment. Zoospore taxis, encystment and germination of A. euteiches and P. parasitica cysts were recorded on pea roots by video microscopy. The speed of germination and pattern of sporeling development on roots were most closely matched by treatment of motile spores with gum arabic in pure culture. The behaviour of A. euteiches conformed to a previous model for Pythium and Phytophthora spp., in which zoospores encyst by recognition of root surface components (simulated by gum arabic), germinate autonomously by a calcium-mediated process (simulated by calcium treatment during vortexing), and the germ-tube produces an assimilative hypha (simulated by peptone or pea root extract).