Cardiovascular effects of L-glutamate microinjection in the supraoptic nucleus of unanaesthetized rats

We report on the cardiovascular effects Of L-glutamate (L-glu) microinjection in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) as well as possible receptor and mechanisms involved. Microinjection Of L-glu in 100 nL in the SON caused dose-related pressor and bradycardic responses in unanesthetized rats. Responses were markedly reduced in urethane-anesthetized rats. The response to L-glu 10 nmol was blocked by local pretreatment with 2 nmol of the non-NMDA-receptors antagonist NBQX and not affected by 2 nmol of the selective NMDA-receptor antagonist LY 235959, suggesting that non-NMDA receptors mediate these responses. The pressor and bradycardic response to L-glu was potentiated by intravenous pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium and was blocked by intravenous pretreatment with the VI-vasopressin receptor antagonist dTyr(CH2)(5)(Me)AVP, suggesting involvement of circulating vasopressin in this response. Additionally L-glu microinjection into the SON increased plasma vasopressin levels (control: 1.3 +/- 0.2 pg/mL, n = 6; L-glu: 14.7 +/- 2.3 pg/mL, n = 6). In conclusion the results suggest that pressor responses to SON microinjection of L-glu are caused by activation of non-NMDA glutamate receptors and mediated by vasopressin release into systemic circulation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.