Reconstruction of scalp defects with free flaps in 30 cases

29 consecutive patients treated for reconstruction of various scalp defects with 30 free flaps were reviewed. The scalp defects resulted from accidents (13), electric burns (4), tumour excision (8), chronic osteomyelitis (1), and osteoradionecrosis (1). Secondary reconstructions for cosmetic improvement were performed in 2 patients. The defects involved scalp with bone exposure in 21 patients, and both scalp and calvarium in 8 patients. The average extent of the defects was 130 cm(2) (23-420 cm(2)). Free flaps employed for reconstruction included radial forearm flaps (IS), latissimus dorsi muscle flaps (10), medial arm flaps (2), juri flag (1), rectus abdominis muscle flap (1), and scapular flap (1). In 6 cases bone grafts were used for skull reconstruction. Three patients required dura repair. There were two flap failures. Donor-site morbidity was negligible. No local recurrence occurred in 7 tumour cases who are still alive. Secondary procedures (tissue expansion, debulking) were performed in 6 patients. The authors recommend selection of reconstructive options for scalp defects according to their aetiology, localisation, and duration of treatment, whereas the size of the defect does not seem to be the most important determinant. They conclude that a free flap procedure is appropriate for scalp reconstruction in trauma, osteomylitis, and osteoradionecrosis cases? and following radical resection of malignant tumours.