The opioid-cytokine connection

被引:162
作者
Peterson, PK
Molitor, TW
Chao, CC
机构
[1] Minneapolis Med Res Fdn Inc, Neuroimmunobiol & Host Def Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA
[2] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
[3] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
关键词
opioids; opioid receptors; morphine; cytokines; HIV; AIDS;
D O I
10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00222-1
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Opioids (exogenous opiates and endogenous opioid peptides) have a diversity of effects on the immune system. Although numerous studies have shown that opioid-induced immunosuppression can be mediated indirectly via the central nervous system (CNS) or through direct interactions with immunocytes, the precise cellular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of opioids are largely unknown. In recent years, investigations from several laboratories have indicated that opioids can operate as cytokines, the principal communication signals of the immune system. All of the major properties of cytokines are shared by opioids, i.e., production by immune cells with paracrine, autocrine, and endocrine sites of action, functional redundancy, pleiotropy and effects that are both dose- and time-dependent. Studies of the effects of opioids on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or brain cells cocultured with HIV-infected cells suggest that some of the immunoregulatory actions of opioids are mediated by ultrahigh affinity receptors on PBMC and glial cells. Because the CNS is populated predominantly by astroglia and microglia which have properties of immune cells, it is possible that certain of the CNS effects of opioids involve cytokine-like interactions with glial cells. Although there is mounting evidence supporting the concept that opioids are members of the cytokine family, the relative contribution of the opioids to immunoregulation remains unclear. The importance of opiate addiction in the AIDS epidemic means that gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of opioid-induced immunomodulation is of more than academic interest. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
引用
收藏
页码:63 / 69
页数:7
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