Transient effects in electrolytic cells submitted to an external electric field

We analyse transient effects in an electrolytic cell submitted to an external voltage and determine the relaxation time of the redistribution of the ions and of the potential. We consider the case in which adsorption effects at the interface with the electrodes are present and show that the typical relaxation time, for applied voltage V-0 <= 25 mV, is of the order of tens of seconds for commercial nematic liquid crystals. When V-0 >= 25 mV the linearized analysis is no longer valid. In this case, the relaxation time depends on the applied voltage. Increasing V-0, but still remaining in the low amplitude limit, the relaxation time starts increasing. This indicates that the reduction of the actual field in the sample, for moderate values of V-0, plays an important role. For large values of V-0, the relaxation time is a decreasing function of V-0. This result is interpreted in terms of a simple model, according to which the ionic charge is localized in a surface layer whose thickness depends on the amplitude of the applied voltage.