A modified Farr assay is more specific than ELISA for measuring antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides

In an attempt to develop an assay specific for antibody to capsular polysaccharide (PS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the ability of ELISA and Farr (radioactive antigen-binding) assay for antibodies to 6B and 19A PS to be affected by antibodies to C-polysaccharide (C-PS) was compared. Preabsorption with C-PS reduced values obtained by ELISA for anti-6B antibody by >3-fold in 5 of 10 preimmune and 7 of 26 postimmune sera. In contrast, absorption reduced values by >3-fold in 0 of 36 samples studied with the Farr assay, Similar results were observed when the absorption was done with CSR-SCS2 S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, when anti-19A antibody levels were examined, preabsorption with R36a S. pneumoniae reduced ELISA values by 3-fold in 7 of 22 samples, whereas no samples had 3-fold reduction by Farr assay. Thus, the Farr assay for capsular PS is less affected than the ELISA by anti-C-PS antibody.