Catalysis of the knoevenagel reaction by γ-aminopropylsilica

被引:80
作者
Macquarrie, DJ [1 ]
Clark, JH [1 ]
Lambert, A [1 ]
Mdoe, JEG [1 ]
Priest, A [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England
关键词
green chemistry; silica; base catalysis; solvent effects; knoevenagel;
D O I
10.1016/S1381-5148(97)00089-8
中图分类号
O69 [应用化学];
学科分类号
081704 ;
摘要
The Knoevenagel reaction can be catalysed by gamma-aminopropylsilica. Reactions are rapid and essentially quantitative with small amounts of catalyst. A range of aldehydes and ketones can be reacted successfully, the only exceptions being very bulky ketones. The reaction is very dependent on the efficient removal of water, which leads to faster reaction rates and to much higher conversions. The choice of solvent is also extremely important, with nonpolar solvents such as cyclohexane being optimal. Less polar, higher boiling solvents are significantly less effective, even at much higher reaction temperatures. Catalyst poisoning is slow and appears to be due to amide formation on the surface.
引用
收藏
页码:153 / 158
页数:6
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