Journey to the Challenger Deep: 50 Years later With the Nereus Hybrid Remotely Operated Vehicle

The hybrid remotely operated vehicle Nereus, developed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in collaboration with the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific and Johns Hopkins University, is designed to provide a new level of access to a maximum depth of 11,000 m. Nereus operates in two different modes. The vehicle can operate untethered as an autonomous underwater vehicle for broad area survey, capable of exploring and mapping the seafloor with sonars, cameras, and,other onboard sensors. Nereus can be converted at sea to become a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to enable close-up imaging and sampling. The ROV configuration incorporates a lightweight fiber-optic tether to the surface for high-bandwidth real-time video and data telemetry to the surface to enable high-quality teleoperation, additional cameras and lights, manipulator arm, and sampling,gear. Nereus underwent sea trials in May and June of 2009 during which it completed eight, dives. including two,dives to more than 10,900 m in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana, Trench with a total bottom time in excess of 12 h.