Optimization of ALD-(Zn,Mg)O buffer layers and (Zn,Mg)O/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 interfaces for thin film solar cells

(Zn,Mg)O films, fabricated by atomic layer deposition, ALD, are investigated as buffer layers in Cu(In, Ga)Se-2-based thin film solar cells. Optimization of the buffer layer is performed in terms of thickness, deposition temperature and composition. High efficiency devices are obtained for deposition at 105-135 degrees C, whereas losses in open circuit voltage are observed at higher deposition temperatures. The optimal compositional region for (Zn,Mg)O buffer layers in this study is for Mg/(Zn+Mg) contents of about 0.1-0.2, giving band gap values of 3.5-3.7 eV These devices appear insensitive to thickness variations between 80 and 600 nm. Efficiencies of up to 16.2% are obtained for completely Cd- and S-free devices with (Zn,Mg)O buffer layers deposited with 1000 cycles at 120 degrees C and having a band gap of 3.6 eV. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.