Seven years of recent European net terrestrial carbon dioxide exchange constrained by atmospheric observations

被引：186

作者：

Peters, W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Krol, M. C. ^{[1
]}

van der Werf, G. R. ^{[3
]}

Houweling, S. ^{[4
]}

Jones, C. D. ^{[5
]}

Hughes, J. ^{[5
]}

Schaefer, K. ^{[6
]}

Masarie, K. A. ^{[7
]}

Jacobson, A. R. ^{[2
,7
]}

Miller, J. B. ^{[2
,7
]}

Cho, C. H. ^{[8
]}

Ramonet, M. ^{[9
]}

Schmidt, M. ^{[9
]}

Ciattaglia, L. ^{[10
]}

Apadula, F. ^{[11
]}

Helta, D. ^{[11
]}

Meinhardt, F. ^{[12
]}

di Sarra, A. G. ^{[13
]}

Piacentino, S. ^{[13
]}

Sferlazzo, D. ^{[13
]}

Aalto, T. ^{[14
]}

Hatakka, J. ^{[14
]}

Strom, J. ^{[15
,16
]}

Haszpra, L. ^{[17
]}

Meijer, H. A. J. ^{[18
]}

van der Laan, S. ^{[18
]}

Neubert, R. E. M. ^{[18
]}

Jordan, A. ^{[19
]}

Rodo, X. ^{[20
]}

Morgui, J. -A. ^{[20
]}

Vermeulen, A. T. ^{[21
]}

Popa, E. ^{[21
]}

Rozanski, K. ^{[22
]}

Zimnoch, M. ^{[22
]}

Manning, A. C. ^{[23
]}

Leuenberger, M. ^{[24
,25
]}

Uglietti, C. ^{[24
,25
]}

Dolman, A. J. ^{[3
]}

Ciais, P. ^{[9
]}

Heimann, M. ^{[19
]}

Tans, P. P. ^{[7
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands

[2] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[3] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands

[4] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands

[5] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England

[6] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[7] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[8] Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Seoul 156720, South Korea

[9] UVSQ, CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[10] Inst Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[11] CESI RICERCA, Environm & Sustainable Dev Dept, I-20134 Milan, Italy

[12] Umweltbundesamt, Messstelle Schauinsland, D-79254 Oberried Hofsgrund, Germany

[13] Ente Nuove Tecnol Energia & Ambiente, I-00123 Santa Maria Di Galeria, Italy

[14] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland

[15] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[16] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway

[17] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary

[18] Univ Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands

[19] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany

[20] Catalan Inst Climate Sci IC3, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain

[21] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands

[22] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Env Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland

[23] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England

[24] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[25] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

来源：

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY | 2010年 / 16卷 / 04期

关键词：

atmospheric CO2; carbon exchange; data assimilation; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; TRANSPORT MODELS; CO2; INVERSIONS; PART; CLIMATE; FLUXES; LAND; FORESTS; BOREAL; CYCLE;

D O I：

10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02078.x

中图分类号：

X176 [生物多样性保护];

学科分类号：

090705 ;

摘要：

We present an estimate of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in Europe for the years 2001-2007. It is derived with a data assimilation that uses a large set of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction observations (similar to 70 000) to guide relatively simple descriptions of terrestrial and oceanic net exchange, while fossil fuel and fire emissions are prescribed. Weekly terrestrial sources and sinks are optimized (i.e., a flux inversion) for a set of 18 large ecosystems across Europe in which prescribed climate, weather, and surface characteristics introduce finer scale gradients. We find that the terrestrial biosphere in Europe absorbed a net average of -165 Tg C yr-1 over the period considered. This uptake is predominantly in non-EU countries, and is found in the northern coniferous (-94 Tg C yr-1) and mixed forests (-30 Tg C yr-1) as well as the forest/field complexes of eastern Europe (-85 Tg C yr-1). An optimistic uncertainty estimate derived using three biosphere models suggests the uptake to be in a range of -122 to -258 Tg C yr-1, while a more conservative estimate derived from the a-posteriori covariance estimates is -165 +/- 437 Tg C yr-1. Note, however, that uncertainties are hard to estimate given the nature of the system and are likely to be significantly larger than this. Interannual variability in NEE includes a reduction in uptake due to the 2003 drought followed by 3 years of more than average uptake. The largest anomaly of NEE occurred in 2005 concurrent with increased seasonal cycles of observed CO2. We speculate these changes to result from the strong negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation in 2005 that lead to favorable summer growth conditions, and altered horizontal and vertical mixing in the atmosphere. All our results are available through http://www.carbontracker.eu.

引用

页码：1317 / 1337

页数：21

共 88 条

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