Direct observation of ion dynamics in supercapacitor electrodes using in situ diffusion NMR spectroscopy

被引:311
作者
Forse, Alexander C. [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Griffin, John M. [1 ,5 ]
Merlet, Celine [1 ]
Carretero-Gonzalez, Javier [1 ]
Raji, Abdul-Rahman O. [1 ,2 ]
Trease, Nicole M. [1 ]
Grey, Clare P. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2, England
[2] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Graphene Ctr, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Energy & Climate Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[5] Univ Lancaster, Dept Chem, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England
来源
NATURE ENERGY | 2017年 / 2卷 / 03期
基金
英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词
QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; NANOPOROUS CARBON ELECTRODES; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; SOLID-STATE NMR; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MICROPOROUS CARBON; CHARGING DYNAMICS; ENERGY-STORAGE;
D O I
10.1038/nenergy.2016.216
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
Ionic transport inside porous carbon electrodes underpins the storage of energy in supercapacitors and the rate at which they can charge and discharge, yet few studies have elucidated the materials properties that influence ion dynamics. Here we use in situ pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy to measure ionic diffusion in supercapacitors directly. We find that confinement in the nanoporous electrode structures decreases the effective self-diffusion coefficients of ions by over two orders of magnitude compared with neat electrolyte, and in-pore diffusion is modulated by changes in ion populations at the electrode/electrolyte interface during charging. Electrolyte concentration and carbon pore size distributions also affect in-pore diffusion and the movement of ions in and out of the nanopores. In light of our findings we propose that controlling the charging mechanism may allow the tuning of the energy and power performances of supercapacitors for a range of different applications.
引用
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页数:7
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