Stromal cell derived factor-1, SDF-1, belongs to the CXC family of chemokines and has been identified in mammals, amphibians, and fish. This chemokine has a diverse array of functions in organogenesis, hematopoeisis, B cell development and recruitment of immune system cells. Here, we report the cloning of the chicken SDF-1 ortholog and examine its temporal and spatial expression. The chicken SDF-1 cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 89 amino acids, which shared 40-75% identity to SDF-1 protein in other species. Protein folding simulation predicted a tertiary structure very similar to that obtained for human SDF-1. Recombinant chicken SDF-1 was produced using a prokaryotic expression system and the recombinant protein was shown to be biologically active in a calcium flux assay. The SDF-1 gene was found to be expressed ubiquitously and constitutively in adult tissues and was present as early as the primitive streak stage of chicken embryos. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.