Temporal pattern dependence of neuronal peptide transmitter release: Models and experiments

In this paper we construct, on the basis of existing experimental data, a mathematical model of firing-elicited release of peptide transmitters from motor neuron B15 in the accessory radula closer neuromuscular system of Aplysia. The model consists of a slow "mobilizing" reaction and the fast release reaction itself. Experimentally, however, it was possible to measure only the mean, heavily averaged release, lacking fast kinetic information. Considered in the conventional way, the data were insufficient to completely specify the details of the model, in particular the relative properties of the slow and the unobservable fast reaction. We illustrate here, with our model and with additional experiments, how to approach such a problem by considering another dimension of release, namely its pattern dependence. The mean release is sensitive to the temporal pattern of firing, even to pattern on time scales much faster than the time scale on which the release is averaged. The mean release varies with the time scale and magnitude of the pattern, relative to the time scale and nonlinearity of the release reactions with which the pattern interacts. The type and magnitude of pattern dependence, especially when correlated systematically over a range of patterns, can therefore yield information about the properties of the release reactions. Thus, temporal pattern can be used as a probe of the release process, even of its fast, directly unobservable components. More generally, the analysis provides insights into the possible ways in which such pattern dependence, widespread especially in neuropeptide- and hormone-releasing systems, might arise from the properties of the underlying cellular reactions.