Comparative community genomics in the Dead Sea: an increasingly extreme environment

被引:71
作者
Bodaker, Idan [1 ]
Sharon, Itai [1 ,2 ]
Suzuki, Marcelino T. [3 ,4 ]
Feingersch, Roi [1 ]
Shmoish, Michael [5 ]
Andreishcheva, Ekaterina [6 ]
Sogin, Mitchell L. [6 ]
Rosenberg, Mira [1 ]
Maguire, Michael E. [7 ]
Belkin, Shimshon [8 ]
Oren, Aharon [8 ,9 ]
Beja, Oded [1 ]
机构
[1] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Biol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel
[2] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel
[3] CNRS, Banyuls Sur Mer, France
[4] Univ Paris 06, Observ Oceanol Banyuls, Banyuls Sur Mer, France
[5] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Bioinformat Knowledge Unit, Lorry I Lokey Interdisciplinary Ctr Life Sci & En, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel
[6] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[7] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[8] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Jerusalem, Israel
[9] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Moshe Shilo Minerva Ctr Marine Biogeochem, Jerusalem, Israel
关键词
hypersaline; salterns; halophiles; Halobacterium; Haloquadratum; metagenomics; LATERAL GENE-TRANSFER; SEQUENCE DATA; SP-NOV; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA; DNA-SEQUENCE; SYSTEM; SALT; HALOBACTERIUM; TYPHIMURIUM;
D O I
10.1038/ismej.2009.141
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Owing to the extreme salinity (similar to 10 times saltier than the oceans), near toxic magnesium levels (similar to 2.0 M Mg2+), the dominance of divalent cations, acidic pH (6.0) and high-absorbed radiation flux rates, the Dead Sea represents a unique and harsh ecosystem. Measures of microbial presence (microscopy, pigments and lipids) indicate that during rare bloom events after exceptionally rainy seasons, the microbial communities can reach high densities. However, most of the time, when the Dead Sea level is declining and halite is precipitating from the water column, it is difficult to reliably measure the presence of microorganisms and their activities. Although a number of halophilic Archaea have been previously isolated from the Dead Sea, polar lipid analyses of biomass collected during Dead Sea blooms suggested that these isolates were not the major components of the microbial community of these blooms. In this study, in an effort to characterize the perennial microbial community of the Dead Sea and compare it with bloom assemblages, we performed metagenomic analyses of concentrated biomass from hundreds of liters of brine and of microbial material from the last massive Dead Sea bloom. The difference between the two conditions was reflected in community composition and diversity, in which the bloom was different and less diverse from the residual brine population. The distributional patterns of microbial genes suggested Dead Sea community trends in mono-and divalent cation metabolisms as well as in transposable elements. This may indicate possible mechanisms and pathways enabling these microbes to survive in such a harsh environment. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 399-407; doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.141; published online 24 December 2009
引用
收藏
页码:399 / 407
页数:9
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