Eye-tracking for user modeling in exploratory learning environments: An empirical evaluation

被引:70
作者
Conati, Cristina
Merten, Christina
机构
[1] Univ British Columbia, Dept Comp Sci, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2T4, Canada
[2] Univ Trento, Dept Informat & Commun Technol, I-3805 Povo, Trento, Italy
关键词
user modeling; eye-tracking; intelligent learning environments; exploration-based learning; self-explanation;
D O I
10.1016/j.knosys.2007.04.010
中图分类号
TP18 [人工智能理论];
学科分类号
081104 [模式识别与智能系统]; 0812 [计算机科学与技术]; 0835 [软件工程]; 1405 [智能科学与技术];
摘要
In this paper, we describe research on using eye-tracking data for on-line assessment of user meta-cognitive behavior during interaction with an environment for exploration-based learning. This work contributes to user modeling and intelligent interfaces research by extending existing research on eye-tracking in HCl to on-line capturing of high-level user mental states for real-time interaction tailoring. We first describe the empirical work we did to understand the user meta-cognitive behaviors to be modeled. We then illustrate the probabilistic user model we designed to capture these behaviors with the help of on-line information on user attention patterns derived from eye-tracking data. Next, we describe the evaluation of this model, showing that gaze-tracking data can significantly improve model performance compared to lower level, time-based evidence. Finally, we discuss work we have done on using pupil dilation information, also gathered through eye-tracking data, to further improve model accuracy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:557 / 574
页数:18
相关论文
共 32 条
[1]
An effective metacognitive strategy: learning by doing and explaining with a computer-based Cognitive Tutor [J].
Aleven, VAWMM ;
Koedinger, KR .
COGNITIVE SCIENCE, 2002, 26 (02) :147-179
[2]
AMERSHI S, 2007, INTELLIGENT USER INT
[3]
Anderson JR, 2001, CARN S COGN, P227
[4]
TRANSFER OF DOMAIN-SPECIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCEDURES [J].
BASSOK, M .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION, 1990, 16 (03) :522-533
[5]
TASK-EVOKED PUPILLARY RESPONSES, PROCESSING LOAD, AND THE STRUCTURE OF PROCESSING RESOURCES [J].
BEATTY, J .
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN, 1982, 91 (02) :276-292
[6]
Probabilistic student modelling to improve exploratory behaviour [J].
Bunt, A ;
Conati, C .
USER MODELING AND USER-ADAPTED INTERACTION, 2003, 13 (03) :269-309
[7]
BUNT A, 2004, 7 INT C INT TUT SYST
[8]
SELF-EXPLANATIONS - HOW STUDENTS STUDY AND USE EXAMPLES IN LEARNING TO SOLVE PROBLEMS [J].
CHI, MTH ;
BASSOK, M ;
LEWIS, MW ;
REIMANN, P ;
GLASER, R .
COGNITIVE SCIENCE, 1989, 13 (02) :145-182
[9]
Chi MTH, 1996, APPL COGNITIVE PSYCH, V10, pS33
[10]
CONATI C, 2000, INT J ARTIFICIAL INT, V11