Antibody-catalyzed oxidative degradation of nicotine using riboflavin

Tobacco abuse remains a major cause of death worldwide despite ample evidence linking nicotine to various disease states. Consequently, immunopharmacotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of nicotine abuse have received increasing attention. Although a number of nicotine-binding antibodies have been disclosed, no antibody catalysts exist which efficiently degrade nicotine into pharmacologically inactive substances. Herein, we report the first catalytic antibodies which can oxidatively degrade nicotine. These biocatalysts use the micronutrient riboflavin and visible light as a source of singlet oxygen for the production of reactive oxygen species. Along with various known nicotine metabolites, antibody-catalyzed nicotine oxidations produce two novel nicotine oxidation products that were also detected in control ozonation reactions of nicotine. The reaction is efficient, with multiple turnovers of catalyst observed and total consumption of nicotine attained. These results demonstrate the potential of harnessing riboflavin as an endogenous sensitizer for antibody-catalyzed oxidations and demonstrate a new approach for the development of an active vaccine for the treatment of nicotine addiction using in vivo catalytically active antibodies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.