The effects of homoeologous group 3 chromosomes on grain colour dependent seed dormancy and brittle rachis in tetraploid wheat

'Langdon' (LDN), a durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivar, and a set of chromosome substitution lines of Langdon, where A or B genome chromosome were replaced with a homologous chromosome of wild emmer wheat, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (DIC), were used to assess the effect of the specific chromosome on seed dormancy in tetraploid wheat. The LDN(DIC 3A) and LDN (DIC 313) lines showed significantly lower seed germination than Langdon. It appears that LDN(DIC 3A) and LDN(DIC 3B) have red grain whose allele were designated as R-A1b and R-B1b, respectively and the rachises of LDN(DIC 3A) and LDN(DIC 3B) were fragile. The alleles for brittle rachis were designated as Br-2 for LDN(DIC 3A) and Br-3 for LDN(DIC 3B). From the F-2 of the crosses, Langdon/LDN(DIC 3A) and Langdon/LDN(DIC 3B), Br-2 was located approximately 44.2 cM from the R-A1b locus and Br-3 approximately 47.0 cM from the R-B1b locus, respectively. Recombinant inbred chromosomal lines for 3A and 3B were used to assess (1) the linkage relationship between grain colour and fragile rachis, and (2) the effect of grain colour on germination. Estimated distance between R-B1b - Br-2 was 39.6 cM. For the 3A population, germination percentage of both colour groups was 12.4% for the red grain group and 68.6% for the amber group, respectively. For the 3B population, germination percentage of the red group was 7.3% and that of the amber group was 82.1%. For both populations, differences were statistical significant by t-tests. We considered that seed dormancy of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides was dependent on grain colour. It raised the possibility that brittle rachis is due to a paralogous gene set on homoeologous group 3 chromosomes.