[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose single photon emission computed tomography -: Can it replace PET and thallium SPECT for the assessment of myocardial tomography

Background-New high-energy collimators for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) cameras have made imaging of positron-emitting tracers, such as [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG), possible. We examined differences between SPECT and PET technologies and between (18)FDG and thallium tracers to determine whether (18)FDG SPECT could be adopted for assessment of myocardial viability. Methods and Results-Twenty-eight patients with chronic coronary artery disease (mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]=33+/-15% at rest) underwent (18)FDG SPECT, (18)FDG PET, and thallium SPECT studies. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed overall good concordance between SPECT and PET technologies and thallium and (18)FDG tracers for assessing viability regardless of the level of (18)FDG PET cutoff used (40% to 60%). However, in the subgroup of patients with LVEF less than or equal to 25%, at 60% (18)FDG PET threshold value, thallium tended to underestimate myocardial viability. In a subgroup of regions with severe asynergy, there were considerably more thallium/(18)FDG discordances in the inferior wall than elsewhere (73% versus 27%, P<.001), supporting attenuation of thallium as a potential explanation for the discordant observations. When uptake of (18)FDG by SPECT and PET was compared in 137 segments exhibiting severely irreversible thallium defects (scarred by thallium), 59 (43%) were viable by (18)FDG PET, of which 52 (88%) were also viable by (18)FDG SPECT. However, of the 78 segments confirmed to be nonviable by (18)FDG PET, 57 (73%) were nonviable by (18)FDG SPECT (P<.001). Conclusion-Although (18)FDG SPECT significantly increases the sensitivity for detection of viable myocardium in tissue declared nonviable by thallium (to 88% of the sensitivity achievable by PET), it will occasionally (27% of the time) result in falsely identifying as viable tissue that has been identified as nonviable by both PET and thallium.