In situ Raman spectroscopy of supported chromium oxide catalysts: O-18(2)-O-16(2) isotopic labeling studies

The isothermal isotopic exchange reaction of O-18(2) with O-16 of chromium(VI) oxide supported on zirconia, alumina, and titania has been investigated with in situ laser Raman spectroscopy. The isotopic exchange reaction is dependent on the support type, the Cr loading, and the reaction temperature. Complete isotopic exchange of chromium(VI) oxide with O-18(2) is difficult to achieve and requires several successive butane reduction-O-18(2) oxidation cycles at relatively high temperatures. The efficiency of the isothermal isotopic exchange reaction increases from alumina over titania to zirconia and with increasing Cr loading and reduction temperature. The observed Raman shifts upon isotopic labeling are consistent with a mono-ore surface chromium oxide(VI) species.