The relationship between child-report, parent self-report, and partner report of perceived parental rearing behaviors and anxiety in children and parents

This study investigated the relationship between child anxiety, parental anxiety, and perceived current parental rearing practices, using a multiple informants approach, that is, by aggregating the perception of the child, parent and partner on parental rearing behaviors. Unselected children aged 9-12 (n = 75) and both their biological parents filled in the SCARED-C to measure child anxiety, and parents completed the SCARED-A to measure parental anxiety. In addition, child report, parental self-report, and partner report of the rearing dimensions "autonomy-encouragement versus overprotection", "acceptance versus rejection", and "psychological control" of both parents was assessed. Results showed that the homogeneity of some rearing dimensions using a single informant was insufficient, but sufficient when using multiple informants. Inter-informant agreement was low (M = 0.29). Three-informants' aggregates yielded good generalizability (M = 0.54), and the generalizability of six-informants' aggregates (combining both parents) was impressive (M = 0.76). Using multiple informants, parental autonomy granting versus overprotection was substantially related to child anxiety (r = -0.41, p < 0.001), as well as to parental anxiety (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). More precisely, paternal autonomy-overprotection was predominantly related to child anxiety, whereas maternal autonomy-overprotection was predominantly related to maternal anxiety. Acceptance versus rejection and psychological control were only modestly related to child and parental anxiety. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.