Influence of the hapten conjugation site on the characteristics of antibodies generated against metabolites of clostebol acetate

4-chloro-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (CLAD) and 4-chlorotestosterone (clostebol, beta-CLT or CLT) were made immunogenic by coupling to protein carriers via the 3 and 17 positions, respectively. These immunogens were used to elicit polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to CLAD and to clostebol. The antibodies were characterized in an enzyme immunoassay for sensitivity and specificity. Polyclonal antisera generated through position 17 reacted preferentially with 4-chlorotestosterone-17-acetate (clostebol acetate, CLTA), 4-chloro-epitestosterone (epi-clostebol, 17 alpha-clostebol, 17 alpha-CLT), and clostebol, whereas polyclonal antisera generated through the 3 position almost did not react with these derivatives. Interestingly, the monoclonal antibody generated through the 3 position recognized (35%) epi-clostebol. These results suggest that polyclonal antisera generated through the 17 position have a broad specificity profile and can be used to analyze by immunoassay methods urinary metabolites of clostebol acetate and thereby detect the illegal use of clostebol acetate in livestock farming.