Measuring the Extent of Phase Separation in Poly-3-Hexylthiophene/Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Photovoltaic Blends with 1H Spin Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy

被引：39

作者：

Nieuwendaal, Ryan C. ^{[1
]}

Snyder, Chad R. ^{[1
]}

Kline, R. Joseph ^{[1
]}

Lin, Eric K. ^{[1
]}

VanderHart, David L. ^{[1
]}

DeLongchamp, Dean M. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA

来源：

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS | 2010年 / 22卷 / 09期

关键词：

FULLERENE BULK-HETEROJUNCTION; MODEST MONOMER SIZE; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; SOLID-STATE NMR; EXCITON DIFFUSION; POLYTHIOPHENE; DISSOCIATION; MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION;

D O I：

10.1021/cm100237m

中图分类号：

O64 [物理化学（理论化学）、化学物理学];

学科分类号：

070304 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

We demonstrate that H-1 spin diffusion NMR is a valuable method to estimate the domain size distribution in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers composed of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Bulk samples were annealed at several temperatures, and a distribution of domain sizes was observed that ranged over hundreds of nanometers. Unannealed samples exhibited a large amount of PCBM in small domains (1 to 5 nm) and smaller amounts in moderate (tens of nm) and large (> 100 nm) domains. Annealing the samples at 100 degrees C had no effect on the morphology as evidenced from H-1 spin diffusion NMR, grazing-incidence diffraction, and calorimetry, but phase separation was observed after annealing at 150 degrees C. Even with this higher temperature processing, the H-1 NMR showed conclusively that phase separation remained incomplete; this finding was confirmed with photoluminescence quenching measurements.

引用

页码：2930 / 2936

页数：7

共 33 条

[1] OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL-SHIFT-BASED POLARIZATION GRADIENTS IN H-1-NMR SPIN-DIFFUSION EXPERIMENTS ON POLYMER BLENDS WITH CHEMICALLY SIMILAR CONSTITUENTS [J].