Experimental modulation of capsule size in Cryptococcus neoformans

被引：170

作者：

Zaragoza O. ^{[1
]}

Casadevall A. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Department of Microbiology/Immunol., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461

[2] Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461

来源：

Biological Procedures Online | 2004年 / 6卷 / 1期

关键词：

Cryptococcus neoformans; Infection; Virulence factor;

D O I：

10.1251/bpo68

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Experimental modulation of capsule size is an important technique for the study of the virulence of the encapsulated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. In this paper, we summarize the techniques available for experimental modulation of capsule size in this yeast and describe improved methods to induce capsule size changes. The response of the yeast to the various stimuli is highly dependent on the cryptococcal strain. A high CO2 atmosphere and a low iron concentration have been used classically to increase capsule size. Unfortunately, these stimuli are not reliable for inducing capsular enlargement in all strains. Recently we have identified new and simpler conditions for inducing capsule enlargement that consistently elicited this effect. Specifically, we noted that mammalian serum or diluted Sabouraud broth in MOPS buffer pH 7.3 efficiently induced capsule growth. Media that slowed the growth rate of the yeast correlated with an increase in capsule size. Finally, we summarize the most commonly used media that induce capsule growth in C. neoformans. © 2004. Biological Procedures Online.

引用

页码：10 / 14

页数：4

共 29 条

[1]

Casadevall A., Perfect J.R., Cryptococcus Neoformans, (1998)

[2]

Cherniak R., Sundstrom J.B., Polysaccharide antigens of the capsule of Cryptocccus neoformans, Infect. Immun., 62, pp. 1507-1512, (1994)

[3]

Macher A.M., Bennett J.E., Gadek J.E., Frank M.M., Complement depletion in cryptococcal sepsis, J. Immunol., 120, pp. 1686-1690, (1978)

[4]

Murphy J.W., Cozad G.C., Immunological unresponsiveness induced by cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide assayed by the hemolytic plaque technique, Infect. Immun., 5, pp. 896-901, (1972)

[5]

Kozel T.R., Gulley W.F., Cazin Jr. J., Immune response to Cryptococcus neoformans soluble polysaccharide: Immunological unresponsiveness, Infect. Immun., 18, pp. 701-707, (1977)

[6]

Dong Z.M., Murphy J.W., Effects of the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans cells and culture filtrate antigens on neutrophil locomotion, Infect. Immun., 63, pp. 2632-2644, (1995)

[7]

Kozel T.R., Pfrommer G.S., Guerlain A.S., Highison B.A., Highison G.J., Strain variation in phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans: Dissociation of susceptibility to phagocytosis from activation and binding of opsonic fragments of C3, Infect. Immun., 56, pp. 2794-2800, (1988)

[8]

Bolanos B., Mitchell T.G., Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by rat alveolar macrophages, J. Med. Vet. Mycol., 27, pp. 219-228, (1989)

[9]

Zaragoza O., Taborda C.P., Casadevall A., The efficacy of complement-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans is dependent on the location of C3 in the polysaccharide capsule and involves both direct and indirect C3-mediated interactions, Euro. J. Immnunol., 33, pp. 1957-1967, (2003)

[10]

Littman M., Capsule synthesis by Cryptococcus neoformans, Trans. NY Acad. Sci., 20, pp. 623-648, (1958)

← 1 2 3 →