Differential Pricing for Pharmaceuticals: Reconciling Access, R&D and Patents

被引：132

作者：

Patricia M. Danzon

Adrian Towse

机构：

[1] University of Pennsylvania,The Wharton School

[2] Office of Health Economics,undefined

来源：

International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics | 2003年 / 3卷 / 3期

关键词：

differential pricing; pharmaceuticals; developing countries; parallel trade; global fund;

D O I：

10.1023/A:1025384819575

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

This paper reviews the economic case for patents and the potential for differential pricing to increase affordability of on-patent drugs in developing countries while preserving incentives for innovation. Differential pricing, based on Ramsey pricing principles, is the second best efficient way of paying for the global joint costs of pharmaceutical R&D. Assuming demand elasticities are related to income, it would also be consistent with standard norms of equity.

引用

页码：183 / 205

页数：22

共 23 条

[1]

Averch H.(1962)Behavior of the Firm Under Regulatory Constraint American Economic Review 52 1052-1069

[2]

Johnson L.(1997)Price Discrimination for Pharmaceuticals: Welfare Effects in the US and the EU International Journal of the Economics of Business 4 301-321

[3]

Danzon P. M.(1991)The Cost of Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry Journal of Health Economics 10 107-142

[4]

DiMasi J. A.(2003)The Price of Innovation: New Estimates of Drug Development Costs Journal of Health Economics 22 151-185

[5]

Hansen R. W.(2001)Global Pricing Strategies for Innovative Essential Drugs Int J Biotechnology 3 338-349

[6]

Grabowski H. G.(2001)Patent Protection, Transnational Corporations, and Market Structure: A Simulation Study of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 1 101-121

[7]

Lasagna L.(1990)A New Look at the Returns and Risks to Pharmaceutical R & D Management Science 36 804-821

[8]

DiMasi J. A.(1988)Price Discrimination and Patent Policy RAND Journal of Economics 19 253-265

[9]

Hansen R. W.(1994)Parallel Imports, Demand Dispersion, and International Price Discrimination Journal of International Economics 37 167-195

[10]

Grabowski H. G.(1997)Products Liability and Prescription Drug Prices in Canada and the United States J. of Law and Economics 40 203-244

← 1 2 3 →