Predictions of carbon monoxide and blood carboxyhemoglobin levels from motor vehicles exhaust emissions

被引：9

作者：

Bener A. ^{[1
]}

Dogan M. ^{[2
]}

Almehdi A.M. ^{[3
]}

Islam M.R. ^{[4
]}

Darbool M.A. ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] Dept. of Community Medicine, Fac. of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain

[2] Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Yildiz Technical University, Sisli-Istanbul

[3] Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain

[4] Dept. of Chem. and Petrol. Eng., Faculty of Engineering, UAE University, Al-Ain

[5] Abu-Dhabi Marine Operating Company, ABDCAP, Abu Dhabi

来源：

Aerobiologia | 1999年 / 15卷 / 1期

关键词：

Carboxyhaemoglobin modeling drivers; Emissions; Exhaust pollutant; Health effects; Motor vehicles; United Arab Emirates;

D O I：

10.1023/A:1007544731583

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

This study aims at predicting Carbon monoxide (CO) emission rate as well as carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) levelsin Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Also, several mathematical models are proposed for estimating both CO emission and HbCO levels. These models yield excellent agreements between observed and predicted data and can be easily coupled with atmospheric models. Carbon monoxide exposure from motor vehicles were measured over a 3- month period from September to December 1995 at three locations in the UAE. The study is based on a sample of 148 cars. The data revealed that the major characteristics of the cars surveyed were as follows: 69.5% of the cars were Japanese, 74.3% of the cars were 5 years old; 41% of the car was range rover or four-wheel-drive car, which indicates a higher proportion of powerful cars; 58.8% was used special fuel; 51.4% had regular maintenance for their cars and 52% of the cars had 4 cylinder engine capacity. Carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) levels in the UAE were predicted for 1-hour (1.720 ppm) and 8-hour (8.106 ppm) exposure times. Also, on an average driving of 80 km hr-1 per day, the CO emission rate was found to be 8.729 ppm. These findings indicate that the mean 1-hour and 8-hour Carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) levels do not exceed the permissible standards recommended by the WHO. Additionally, the results of stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that the factors, such as, type of car, size of cylinder, size of car, and maintaining service of the car exerted the greatest influence on the amount and concentration of pollutant emission produced by car exhaust.

引用

页码：57 / 63

页数：6

共 24 条

[1] Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide, Report and Revised Evaluation of Health Effects Associated with Carbon Monoxide Exposure, (1984)
[2] Anderson E.W., Andelman R.J., Strauch J.M., Fortuin N.J., Knelson J.H., Effect of low-level carbon monoxide exposure on onset and duration of angina pectoris: A study in ten patients with ischemic heart disease, Ann. Intern. Med., 76, pp. 45-50, (1973)
[3] Aronow W.S., Isabel M.W., Carbon Monoxide effect on exercised-induced angina pectoris, Ann. Intern. Med., 77, pp. 392-395, (1973)
[4] Bener A., Brebner J., Atta M.N.S., Gomes J., Ozkaragoz F., Cheema M.Y., Respiratory Symptoms and lung function in taxi drivers and manual wokers, Aerobiologia, 13, 1, pp. 11-15, (1997)
[5] Bener A., Breger E., Al-Falasi A.S., Risk-taking behaviour in road traffic accidents, J. Traffic Med., 23, 2, pp. 65-70, (1994)
[6] Bener A., Gomes J., Hamouda M.F.B., Hypertension among workers occupationally exposed to hydrocarbons and organic solvents, J. Environ. Sci. Health, A31, pp. 291-304, (1996)
[7] Chang T.Y., Norbeck J.M., Weinstock B., Ambeint temperature effect on urban CO air quality, Atmos. Environ., 14, pp. 603-608, (1980)
[8] Clarke R.V., Lester D., Toxicity of car exhausts and opportunity for suicide: Comparison between Britain and the United States, J. Epidemiol. Com. Health, 41, pp. 114-120, (1987)
[9] Colwill D.M., Hickman A.J., The exposure to carbon monoxide of occupants of vehicles in heavy traffic, J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 37
[10] Darbool M.A., Bener A., Gomes J., Jadaan K.S., Carbon monoxide exposure from motor vehicles in United Arab Emirates, J. Environ. Sci. Health, A32, 2, pp. 311-321, (1997)

← 1 2 3 →