Soil-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in urban garden systems: Impact of irrigation, fertiliser and mulch

被引：72

作者：

Livesley S.J. ^{[1
]}

Dougherty B.J. ^{[2
,3
]}

Smith A.J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Navaud D. ^{[2
]}

Wylie L.J. ^{[1
]}

Arndt S.K. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] School of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3121, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond

[2] School of Resource Management and Geography, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3121, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond

[3] School of Geosciences, Monash University, Clayton

来源：

Urban Ecosystems | 2010年 / 13卷 / 3期

基金：

澳大利亚研究理事会;

关键词：

Greenhouse gas; Lawn; Methane; Mulch; Nitrous oxide; Soil carbon; Urban green space;

D O I：

10.1007/s11252-009-0119-6

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Urban green spaces provide important ecosystem services, such as amenity, biodiversity, productivity, climate amelioration, hydrological and biogeochemical cycling. Intensively managed urban gardens can sequester carbon through vegetation growth and soil C increase, but may experience nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and reduced soil methane (CH4) uptake from irrigation and fertiliser use. Soil atmosphere exchange of N2O, CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured in lawn and wood chip mulched garden areas in Melbourne, Australia in winter, spring and summer under various water and fertiliser regimes. Gas exchange before and after lawn fertiliser application was measured continuously for three weeks using an automated chamber system. Applying fertiliser led to a peak N2O emission of >60 μg N m-2 h-1, but overall only weekly irrigation (10 mm) significantly increased mean soil N2O emissions above that in other treatments. Under mulch, mean soil N2O emissions (14. 0 μg N m-2 h-1) were significantly smaller than from irrigated lawn (27. 9 μg N m-2 h-1), whereas mean soil CH4 uptake under mulch (-30. 7 μg C m-2 h-1) was significantly greater (p < 0. 01) than in any lawn treatment. Lawns were either a weak CH4 sink or source. Soil C density (0-25 cm) under mulch (12. 5 kg C m-2) was greater that under lawn (8. 0 kg C m-2). On a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) basis, soil N2O emissions offset the benefits of soil CH4 uptake. Mulched garden areas provide greatest C sequestration potential in soil and vegetation and the smallest non-CO2 emissions, as soil CH4 uptake offsets a large fraction of soil N2O emissions. Results of this study suggest that reducing the irrigation and fertiliser application to lawns can help mitigate GHG emissions from urban garden systems, and increasing the area of mulched perennial garden beds can also provide net GHG benefits; however, this needs to be tested in other garden systems with different soil types and environmental conditions. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

引用

页码：273 / 293

页数：20

共 65 条

[1]

Year Book Australia, 2006. Cat. No. 1301.0, (2006)

[2]

Aulakh M.S., Doran J.W., Walters D.T., Mosier A.R., Francis D.D., Crop residue type and placement effects on denitrification and mineralization, Soil Sci Soc Am J, 55, pp. 1020-1025, (1991)

[3]

Ball B.C., Dobbie K.E., Parker J.P., Smith K.A., The influence of gas transport and porosity on methane oxidation in soils, J Geophys Res-Atmos, 102, pp. 23301-23308, (1997)

[4]

Barnett G., Doherty M., Beaty M., Urban Greenspace: Connecting People and Nature. 2nd 'state of Australian Cities' Conference, (2005)

[5]

Barrett J.E., Burke I.C., Potential nitrogen immobilization in grassland soils across a soil organic matter gradient, Soil Biol Biochem, 32, pp. 1707-1716, (2000)

[6]

Barton L., Kiese R., Gatter R., Butterbachbahl K., Buck R., Et al., Nitrous oxide emissions from a cropped soil in a semi-arid climate, Global Change Biol, 14, pp. 177-192, (2008)

[7]

Bijoor N.S., Czimczik C.I., Pataki D.E., Billings S.A., The effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn, Global Change Biol, (2008)

[8]

Bowden R.D., Davidson E., Savage K., Arabia C., Steudler P., Chronic nitrogen additions reduce total soil respiration and microbial respiration in temperate forest soils at the Harvard Forest, For Ecol Manag, 196, pp. 43-56, (2004)

[9]

Bremer D.J., Nitrous oxide fluxes in turfgrass: Effects of nitrogen fertilization rates and types, J Environ Qual, 35, pp. 1678-1685, (2006)

[10]

Burton A.J., Pregitzer K.S., Crawford J.N., Zogg G.P., Zak D.R., Simulated chronic NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> deposition reduces soil respiration in northern hardwood forests, Global Change Biol, 10, pp. 1080-1091, (2004)

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 →