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Biodegradation of atrazine and related s-triazine compounds: from enzymes to field studies
被引：264
作者：
L. Wackett
M. Sadowsky
B. Martinez
N. Shapir
机构：
[1] Department of Biochemistry,
[2] Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute,undefined
[3] University of Minnesota,undefined
[4] 1479 Gortner Avenue,undefined
[5] St. Paul,undefined
[6] MN 55108,undefined
[7] USA,undefined
[8] Department of Soil,undefined
[9] Water and Climate,undefined
[10] University of Minnesota,undefined
[11] St. Paul,undefined
[12] MN 55108,undefined
[13] USA,undefined
关键词：
Microbe;
Atrazine;
Triazine;
Melamine;
Insertion Sequence;
D O I：
10.1007/s00253-001-0862-y
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
s-Triazine ring compounds are common industrial chemicals: pesticides, resin intermediates, dyes, and explosives. The fate of these compounds in the environment is directly correlated with the ability of microbes to metabolize them. Microbes metabolize melamine and the triazine herbicides such as atrazine via enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions. Hydrolytic removal of substituents on the s-triazine ring is catalyzed by enzymes from the amidohydrolase superfamily and yields cyanuric acid as an intermediate. Cyanuric acid is hydrolytically processed to yield 3 mol each of ammonia and carbon dioxide. In those cases studied, the genes underlying the hydrolytic reactions are localized to large catabolic plasmids. One such plasmid, pADP-1 from Pseudomonas sp. ADP, has been completely sequenced and contains the genes for atrazine catabolism. Insertion sequence elements play a role in constructing different atrazine catabolic plasmids in different bacteria. Atrazine chlorohydrolase has been purified to homogeneity from two sources. Recombinant Escherichia coli strains expressing atrazine chlorohydrolase have been constructed and chemically cross-linked to generate catalytic particles used for atrazine remediation in soil. The method was used for cleaning up a spill of 1,000 pounds of atrazine to attain a level of herbicide acceptable to regulatory agencies.
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页码：39 / 45
页数：6
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