Cognitive capacities for behavioural flexibility in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): The effect of snare injury on complex manual food processing

被引：43

作者：

Stokes E.J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Byrne R.W. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Scottish Primate Research Group, University of St Andrews, School of Psychology, St Andrews

[2] Wildlife Conservation Society, Mbeli Bai Study, Nouabalé-Ndoki Projet, Brazzaville

来源：

Animal Cognition | 2001年 / 4卷 / 1期

基金：

英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;

关键词：

Chimpanzee; Feeding technique; Hierarchical organization; Imitation; Injury;

D O I：

10.1007/s100710100082

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

In chimpanzees, it is only in the restricted context of tool use that manual and cognitive skills have been described, comparable to those that gorillas and orangutans display in obtaining plant foods. We report the complex food preparation skills used to eat, without tools, the leaves of the tree Broussonettia papyrifera in the Sonso community of chimpanzees at Budongo Forest, Uganda. Able-bodied individuals used multi-stage techniques that required bimanual role differentiation at several stages, and were hierarchical in organisation. A total repertoire of 14 techniques was found, with strong preference in all individuals for either of two of these; 6 additional techniques were found when flowers and leaves were eaten together. However, in this community over 20% of individuals suffer from some form of upper- or lower-limb injury as a result of snares. We investigated the manner of compensation for upper-limb injury. Only the most severely injured showed reduced feeding efficiency. Injured individuals were found to use the same repertoire of techniques as able-bodied chimpanzees. We found no evidence to suggest that injured individuals were able to develop wholly novel techniques optimal for their specific injuries, although shifts in preference for particular techniques did occur. Rather, injured individuals used novel ways of achieving particular steps in the process; by "working around" their impairments; in this way, they managed to use the same techniques as the able-bodied. Since snare injuries generally befall young animals, these results suggest that chimpanzees learn techniques partly through observational learning (of, necessarily, able-bodied individuals). © Springer-Verlag 2001.

引用

页码：11 / 28

页数：17

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