Evidence of connections between cerebrospinal fluid and nasal lymphatic vessels in humans, non-human primates and other mammalian species

被引：374

作者：

Johnston M. ^{[1
]}

Zakharov A. ^{[1
]}

Papaiconomou C. ^{[1
]}

Salmasi G. ^{[1
]}

Armstrong D. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Neuroscience Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5

来源：

Cerebrospinal Fluid Research | / 1卷 / 1期

关键词：

Lymphatic Vessel; Subarachnoid Space; Superior Sagittal Sinus; Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension; Olfactory Nerve;

D O I：

10.1186/1743-8454-1-2

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Background: The parenchyma of the brain does not contain lymphatics. Consequently, it has been assumed that arachnoid projections into the cranial venous system are responsible for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. However, recent quantitative and qualitative evidence in sheep suggest that nasal lymphatics have the major role in CSF transport. Nonetheless, the applicability of this concept to other species, especially to humans has never been clarified. The purpose of this study was to compare the CSF and nasal lymph associations in human and non-human primates with those observed in other mammalian species. Methods: Studies were performed in sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, monkeys and humans. Immediately after sacrifice (or up to 7 hours after death in humans), yellow Microfil was injected into the CSF compartment. The heads were cut in a sagittal plane. Results: In the seven species examined, Microfil was observed primarily in the subarachnoid space around the olfactory bulbs and cribriform plate. The contrast agent followed the olfactory nerves and entered extensive lymphatic networks in the submucosa associated with the olfactory and respiratory epithelium. This is the first direct evidence of the association between the CSF and nasal lymph compartments in humans. Conclusions: The fact that the pattern of Microfil distribution was similar in all species tested, suggested that CSF absorption into nasal lymphatics is a characteristic feature of all mammals including humans. It is tempting to speculate that some disorders of the CSF system (hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension for example) may relate either directly or indirectly to a lymphatic CSF absorption deficit. © 2004 Johnston et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

引用

共 42 条

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