Older Americans Employment and Retirement

被引：8

作者：

Tang F. ^{[1
]}

Choi E. ^{[1
]}

Goode R. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260

来源：

Ageing International | 2013年 / 38卷 / 1期

关键词：

Employment; Older workers; Retirement; Work and retirement trends;

D O I：

10.1007/s12126-012-9162-3

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

This paper reviews the recent changes in labor force participation and withdrawal in the United States and examines some of possible reasons for the changes. Nowadays, many older Americans are extending their work lives and delaying retirement. This longer work life is accompanied by the emergence of new patterns of retirement, such as gradual retirement, phrased retirement, and un-retirement. Generally, highly-educated, male workers and divorced urban women tend to continue working past traditional retirement age. Significant social, demographic, and economic changes have contributed to the trend toward continued labor force participation and later retirement. Greater life expectancy and improved health status enable older workers to extend their working lives. Some older Americans choose to work longer due to policy changes such as the elimination of mandatory retirement, work incentives provided in the Social Security, the shift to defined-contribution pension plans, and the erosion of retiree health insurance along with economic recessions. Finally, the paper discusses the potential health benefits linked with extended working lives and the challenges faced by older workers, especially those with socioeconomic disadvantages. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

引用

页码：82 / 94

页数：12

共 51 条

[1]

Aquino J.A., Russell D.W., Cutrona C.E., Altmaier E.M., Employment status, social support, and life satisfaction among the elderly, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, pp. 480-489, (1996)

[2]

Ballantyne H.C., Mishel L., Morrissey M., Social Security and the Federal Deficit: Not Cause and Effect. EPI Briefing Paper (Vol. 273), (2010)

[3]

Burr J.A., Mutchler J.E., Employment in later life: a focus on race/ethnicity and gender, Generations, 31, pp. 37-44, (2007)

[4]

Burtless G., Quinn J., Retirement trend and policies to encourage work among older Americans, Ensuring Health and Income Security for an Aging Workforce, pp. 375-415, (2001)

[5]

Cahill K.E., Giandrea M.D., Quinn J.F., Retirement patterns from career employment, Gerontologist, 46, pp. 514-523, (2006)

[6]

Calvo E., Does Working Longer Make People Healtheir and Happier? Work Opportunities for Older Americans (Series No. 2), (2006)

[7]

Choudhury S., Bridges B., Examining Social Security Benefits as a retirement resource for near-retirees, by race and ethnicity, nativity, and disability status, Social Secur Bull, 69, pp. 19-44, (2009)

[8]

Christ S.L., Lee D.J., Fleming L.E., LeBlanc W.G., Arheart K.L., Chung-Bridges K., Et al., Employment and occupation effects on depressive symptoms in older Americans: does working past age 65 protect against depression?, J Gerontol B-Psycho, 62, (2007)

[9]

Clark R.L., McDermed A., The Choice of Pensions Plans in Changing Regulatory Envionment, (1990)

[10]

Clark R.L., Quinn J.F., Patterns of work and retirement for a new century, Generations, 26, pp. 17-24, (2002)

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 →