Genetics of type 2 diabetes

被引：242

作者：

Ali, Omar ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Med Coll Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA

来源：

WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES | 2013年 / 4卷 / 04期

关键词：

Type; 2; diabetes; Genetics; TCF7L2; Genome-wide association studies; Heritability;

D O I：

10.4239/wjd.v4.i4.114

中图分类号：

R5 [内科学];

学科分类号：

1002 [临床医学]; 100201 [内科学];

摘要：

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the result of interaction between environmental factors and a strong hereditary component. We review the heritability of T2D as well as the history of genetic and genomic research in this area. Very few T2D risk genes were identified using candidate gene and linkage-based studies, but the advent of genome-wide association studies has led to the identification of multiple genes, including several that were not previously known to play any role in T2D. Highly replicated genes, for example TCF7L2, KCNQ1 and KCNJ11, are discussed in greater detail. Taken together, the genetic loci discovered to date explain only a small proportion of the observed heritability. We discuss possible explanations for this "missing heritability", including the role of rare variants, gene-environment interactions and epigenetics. The clinical utility of current findings and avenues of future research are also discussed. (C) 2013 Baishideng. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：114 / 123

页数：10

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