MICROBIAL MANGANESE REDUCTION MEDIATED BY BACTERIAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM AQUIFER SEDIMENTS

One hundred and five strains isolated from aquifer sediments and Escherichia coli ML30S were tested for their ability to reduce manganese oxides. Eighty-two strains, including E. coli, reduced manganese. In most cases the bacterial activity decreased the pH and Eh below 6.75 and 350 mV, respectively, enhancing a spontaneous and nonspecific reduction of manganese. However, for 12 strains the reduction was specifically catalyzed by bacteria; the high pH and Eh values would not permit a spontaneous reduction of manganese. Some of the most active strains were identified as genera common in soils and waters, i.e., Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Acinetobacter. Two strains were studied in detail. One of the strains, identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, required contact between the cells and the manganese oxides for reduction to occur. The reduction was inhibited by 15 mM of sodium azide. The other strain, identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii, catalyzed manganese reduction by an inductive and dialyzable substance which was excreted by the bacteria. The mechanism involved has not been previously demonstrated. © 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.