OVERVIEW ON EXPERIENCE TO DATE ON HUMAN EXPOSURE TO SPACE RADIATIONS

The human exposure in space depends on the three factors: the flight trajectory, its date and duration and the cyclogram of the cosmonaut's activities. In the near-Earth orbits the daily dose varies within the limits of (1.5-5.0).10(-4)Gy.day(-1) and greatly increases if the altitude increases. The mean daily quality factor is 1.6-2.0. Strong solar proton events in the orbits with the inclination of < 52 degrees result in the dose rate increase up to 2-3 gGy day(-1). On the surface of the orbital spacecrafts the daily dose 2 reaches Gy. The neutron dose depends on the shielding mass distribution varying within the limits of 6%-30% of the charged particles dose. In deep space the dose is mainly formed by the galactic and solar cosmic rays (GCR,SCR). Behind the shielding of 2-3 g.cm(-2)Al the GCR dose varies in the range of (20-30).10(-5)Gy.day(-1). The SCR dose can reach hundreds of cSv.