Pleckstrin is a 40-kDa protein present in platelets and leukocytes that contains two PH domains separated by a 150-residue intervening sequence. Pleckstrin is a major substrate for protein kinase C, but its function is unknown. The present studies examine the effects of pleckstrin on second messenger generation. When expressed in cos-1 or HEK-293 cells, pleckstrin inhibited 1) the G(alpha)-mediated activation of phospholipase C-beta initiated by thrombin, M1-muscarinic acetylcholine, and angiotensin II receptors, 2) the stimulation of phospholipase C-beta by constitutively active G(q alpha), 3) the G(beta gamma)-mediated activation of phospholipase C-beta caused by alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptors, and 4) the tyrosine phosphorylation-media ted activation of phospholipase C-gamma caused by Trk A. However, pleckstrin had no effect on either the stimulation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, The inhibition of phosphoinositide hydrolysis caused by pleckstrin was similar in magnitude to that caused by activating protein kinase C with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). When combined, pleckstrin and PMA had an additive effect, inhibiting phosphoinositide hydrolysis by as much as 90%, Structure-function analysis highlighted the role of pleckstrin's N-terminal PH domain in these events. Although deleting the C-terminal PH domain had no effect, deleting the N-terminal PH domain abolished activity (but not expression) and mutating a highly conserved tryptophan residue within the N-terminal PH domain decreased activity by one-third, Notably, however, a pleckstrin variant in which the N-terminal PH domain was replaced with a second copy of the C-terminal PH domain was nearly as active as native pleckstrin, These results show that: 1) pleckstrin can inhibit pathways leading to both phospholipase C-beta- and phospholipase C-gamma-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, 2) this inhibition affects activation of phospholipase C-beta mediated by either G(alpha) or G(beta gamma) but does not affect the regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by G(alpha) or G(beta gamma), 3) although pleckstrin is a substrate for protein kinase C, the effects of pleckstrin and PMA are at least partially independent, 4) the inhibition caused by pleckstrin appears to be mediated by the PH domain at the N terminus, rather than the C terminus of the molecule, and 5) location of the two PH domains within the molecule clearly contributes to their individual activity, These results do not appear to be readily attributable to an interaction between pleckstrin and G(beta gamma), but they are consistent with a recent report showing an association between PH domains and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in vitro.
