OPERANT RESPONDING CONTROLLED BY MILK OR MILK CONTAMINATED WITH ALCOHOL AS POSITIVE REINFORCERS IN INFANT RATS

Infant rats during the first, second, or third week of life were tested in operant conditioning with uncontaminated milk or milk supplemented with 6.0% v/v absolute ethanol (EtOH) as the reinforcer. Relative to yoked controls, pups of each age group reinforced on a response-contingent basis exhibited a significantly higher rate of responding with either reinforcer. In terms of amount of reinforcement, milk induced a higher rate of lever pressing than did the EtOH-contaminated compound. Age-related differences in the onset of differential responding for plain milk and EtOH-contaminated milk suggested developmental changes in the effects of alcohol. In a second experiment, forced drinking of milk and EtOH-contaminated milk was compared in similar age groups. Patterns of intake resembled the patterns of operant responding controlled by the same substance in the first experiment. These experiments indicate that the presence of alcohol in milk partially inhibits the reinforcing capacity of uncontaminated milk. Nevertheless, the former compound is still effective as a positive reinforcer during the first weeks of life.