COLLECTIVE VERSUS MASS BEHAVIOR - A CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK FOR TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT MIGRATION IN WESTERN-EUROPE AND THE UNITED-STATES

Twenty-five to thirty million temporary migrants live and work outside their country of citizenship. International labor migrants, prominent in American, European and Middle Eastern work forces, remit about US$25 billion annually to their home countries and contribute to a large portion of foreign exchange for countries such as Mexico, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt and the Philippines. Existing theories treat these circular flows merely as an intermediate stage, or holding pattern, for individuals or groups who are blocked from permanent immigration due to legal or social reasons. A more appropriate mode of analysis, which separates permanent and temporary forms of migration and allows inclusion of the role of the state and other structural elements, will be suggested in this study. -from Author